Activity 2: Atom and Atomic Structure
For this activity review the Content Slides (Atoms and Atomic Structure) and complete the activities/questions below.
Make a model of your three favorite elements on the Periodic Chart. The models must be 3-dimensional and be made out of common objects around your home. Place photos of your three models with descriptions on your blog. Your models must include the appropriate number and positioning of protons, neutrons and electrons.
For this activity review the Content Slides (Atoms and Atomic Structure) and complete the activities/questions below.
Make a model of your three favorite elements on the Periodic Chart. The models must be 3-dimensional and be made out of common objects around your home. Place photos of your three models with descriptions on your blog. Your models must include the appropriate number and positioning of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Protons | Neutrons | Electrons | |
| Oxygen | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Carbon | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Helium | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Questions:
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?
Oxygen: 8
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?
Oxygen: 8
Helium: 2
Carbon: 6
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models?
Oxygen: 15.9994
Oxygen: 15.9994
Helium: 4.0026
Carbon: 12.0107
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?
none of which are equal in number. Each one is equal in itself with protons, electrons, and neutrons.
none of which are equal in number. Each one is equal in itself with protons, electrons, and neutrons.
4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models? What would change with the model?If you changed the number of neutrons in the oxygen molecule it would make the nucleus unstable
5. Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
The Nucleus
The Nucleus
6. For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.
7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?
Goes back to its original state.
Goes back to its original state.
8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited?
The energy they emit can come in the form of light. Its like the experiment that we did in high school where we would light different elements on fire to see what color they burned. The light we saw was because the electrons were excited.
The energy they emit can come in the form of light. Its like the experiment that we did in high school where we would light different elements on fire to see what color they burned. The light we saw was because the electrons were excited.
9. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly, explain how the colors of fireworks arise.
| Color | Compound |
| Red | strontium salts, lithium salts lithium carbonate, Li2CO3 = red strontium carbonate, SrCO3 = bright red |
| Orange | calcium salts calcium chloride, CaCl2 calcium sulfate, CaSO4·xH2O, where x = 0,2,3,5 |
| Gold | incandescence of iron (with carbon), charcoal, or lampblack |
| Yellow | sodium compounds sodium nitrate, NaNO3 cryolite, Na3AlF6 |
| Electric White | white-hot metal, such as magnesium or aluminum barium oxide, BaO |
| Green | barium compounds + chlorine producer barium chloride, BaCl+ = bright green |
| Blue | copper compounds + chlorine producer copper acetoarsenite (Paris Green), Cu3As2O3Cu(C2H3O2)2 = blue copper (I) chloride, CuCl = turquoise blue |
| Purple | mixture of strontium (red) and copper (blue) compounds |
| Silver | burning aluminum, titanium, or magnesium powder or flakes |
| Color | Compound |
| Red | strontium salts, lithium salts lithium carbonate, Li2CO3 = red strontium carbonate, SrCO3 = bright red |
| Orange | calcium salts calcium chloride, CaCl2 calcium sulfate, CaSO4·xH2O, where x = 0,2,3,5 |
| Gold | incandescence of iron (with carbon), charcoal, or lampblack |
| Yellow | sodium compounds sodium nitrate, NaNO3 cryolite, Na3AlF6 |
| Electric White | white-hot metal, such as magnesium or aluminum barium oxide, BaO |
| Green | barium compounds + chlorine producer barium chloride, BaCl+ = bright green |
| Blue | copper compounds + chlorine producer copper acetoarsenite (Paris Green), Cu3As2O3Cu(C2H3O2)2 = blue copper (I) chloride, CuCl = turquoise blue |
| Purple | mixture of strontium (red) and copper (blue) compounds |
| Silver | burning aluminum, titanium, or magnesium powder or flakes |
fireworks have all different kinds of elements in them which when exited give off different colors like I explained above. Red fireworks have strontium and lithium, orange have calcium, yellow has sodium, green has barium and chlorine, etc..
10. Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.
The verticle rows are called familes or groups, and they contain elements that are similar in chemical properties. Then the rows going horizontally are called periods which are organized by atomic number and mass
The verticle rows are called familes or groups, and they contain elements that are similar in chemical properties. Then the rows going horizontally are called periods which are organized by atomic number and mass
11. List two example elements for each of these groups or classes: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth, Halogens, Noble Gases, Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids.
-Alkali Metals: lithium and sodium
-Alkaline Earth: magnesium and calcium
-Halogens: chlorine and bromine
-Noble Gases: helium and neon
-Transition Metals: Sodium and copper
-Non metals: sulfur and bromine
-Metalloids: silicon and arsenic
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